| By Riley McDavid | ![]() |
“What did you do in the army, Grampy?” my grandson asked me last fall. At the time he was doing a writing assignment for school.
“I was a spy,” I replied.
He was incredulous. “Really!” Then after a few moments he said, “You’re teasing me.”
“Nope. For real.”
Well — sort of. I wore headphones and listened in on Russian military communications. The Russians had a sophisticated technology — sophisticated for its time, that is — for scrambling their voice messages, and they didn’t know that we and our British counterparts had cracked it. I worked in a shack in a West German beet field that was about as close to the East-West German border as our government dared put us. We were known as “spooks” because on paper, we didn’t exist. On the rare occasion when one of us passed away, that person was posthumously transferred to the Signal Corps or some other outfit, because our organization didn’t exist either.
So I didn’t chase people around Europe like Matt Damon in the Bourne movies, and I didn’t infiltrate any East German or Russian spy rings. But it was still fun, and it beat the heck out of a lot of other duties you could get in the army.
Over the years I have occasionally heard about some truly authentic spies, and sometimes I have been totally blown away by their daring and creativity. Such it was when I read two weeks ago of the death at age 96 of George Vujnovich (pronounced VOIN-ovich).
George was born in Pittsburgh of Serbian parents but as a young man moved to Belgrade to pursue university studies. It was there he met Mirjana Lazich and eventually they married. When the Germans overran the country the two of them fled. In 1944, George was overseas in the OSS, the forerunner to the CIA, and Mirjana was working in the Yugoslav embassy in Washington.
George’s is a spy story with a lot of moving parts — so many, in fact, that the possibilities of failure were enormous from the outset and success seemed hugely unlikely. For months allied bombers had been taking off from Italy and flying over portions of German-occupied Serbia on their way to bomb German oil refineries, particularly those in Romania.
By some estimates, nearly half of those planes never returned. Many were crippled by ground fire and others shot down by the Luftwaffe. Day after day, crews bailed out of their crippled aircraft. By the spring of 1944 more than 500 of them had been taken in and hidden from the Germans by Serbian partisans, known as Chetniks.
When Mirjana learned about all the allied airmen essentially trapped behind enemy lines, she told her husband. Can’t you find a way to save them, she wrote in a letter. So he devised a daring plan, known as Operation Halyard, to rescue the downed aviators: build a secret airfield and fly them out. It actually got a little more complicated — they eventually had to build three improvised airfields, pretty much by using shovels and ox-drawn carts; bulldozers were out of the question.
The allies needed some of their own people on site so just after midnight on August 2, 1944, according to several accounts, in the silent sky over central Serbia, three OSS operatives parachuted in to the headquarters of partisan General D r aza M i h a i l o v ic: Captain George Musulin, a Serbo-Croat speaker from Staten Island who had played college football at the University of Pittsburgh and later played professionally for the Steelers; Lieutenant Michael Ryachich, also a Serb-American who was educated at Belgrade University; and Sergeant Arthur Jibilian, a Fremont, Ohio, native who was the team’s radio operator.
Vujnovich taught the three-man team how to blend into the local population. “I had to show them how to tie their shoes and tuck the laces in, like the Serbs did, and how to eat like the Serbs, pushing the food onto their fork with a knife,” Vujnovich told The New York Times.
Vujnovich directed the operation from an O.S.S. station in Bari, Italy. On August 10, U.S. transport planes, supported by fighter aircraft, flew into the first base at Pranjani. Depending upon which account you read, there were either ten or fourteen C-47s. They loaded 237 downed aviators and flew them safely to Bari. Over the next week 210 more were airlifted to Bari. Between September and December, another 55 were rescued, including Musulin, Rayachich, Jibilian, and two other OSS operatives who parachuted in sometime after the original three.
In spite of the complexities and dangers, the operation went off flawlessly without a single allied casualty or the loss of a plane. Unnamed but not forgotten by the men of the mission were the Serb partisans who protected the aviators for months. It wasn’t as if they could buy extra food at a local supermarket or order Meals on Wheels. “Those people had it pretty doggoned rough,” said downed airman Carl Walpusk. “They didn’t have much to give, but they gave.” Several of them lost their lives in the process when they began a firefight with Germans to divert them from the hiding place of the crew of a downed U.S. plane.
Never heard of Operation Halyard? It’s not surprising. For sensitive diplomatic reasons, the shoals of which I would not attempt to navigate, it remained highly classified for decades after it was carried out. General D r aza M i h a i l o v ic, leader of the forces that saved the allied airmen, was eventually tried and executed by the Tito government for collaborating with the Germans, a charge which Jibilian and the other OSS operatives spent years vigorously disputing. A number of books explore this controversy. In 2007 Gregory Freeman published The Forgotten 500: The Untold Story of the Men Who Risked All For the Greatest Rescue Mission of World War II. There is also an illuminating video that includes interviews with Jibilian and others at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHmIUERMSwE
Next on the Age Well Calendar
Saturday, June 23: Casino Night from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. at Clubhouse 5 in Laguna Woods Village. For $25, you get admission, $100 in play money, a bountiful snack table, and the opportunity to win some great raffle prizes. This is the biggest fundraiser of the year for the Florence Sylvester Center, thanks to the generosity of many individuals and businesses and the outstanding support of Saddleback Kiwanis. Tickets available at the door.




